Doesn't the expansion slow down getting to the final menu items? Gutwin (2002) showed an impairment for targetting due to fisheye distortion but in a case where size and proximity of the magnified objects differed significantly than in the cascading menu list. They implemented a velocity sensitive magnification and found it performed better. I'll experiment with velocity sensing in Exscade, but assuming the visual impact is not negative, the expansion may still speed the final stages of mouse movement by making the target larger, even if it's upper bound remains the same as it was when the movement initiated. - × × ×